England and Wales Census 2021 - TS053: Occupancy rating for rooms

This dataset provides Census 2021 estimates that classify households in England and Wales by occupancy rating based on the number of rooms in the household. The estimates are as at Census Day, 21 March 2021.

It is inappropriate to measure change in number of rooms from 2011 to 2021, as Census 2021 used Valuation Office Agency data for this variable. Instead use Census 2021 estimates for number of bedrooms for comparisons over time.

Read more about this quality notice.

Area type

Census 2021 statistics are published for a number of different geographies. These can be large, for example the whole of England, or small, for example an output area (OA), the lowest level of geography for which statistics are produced.

For higher levels of geography, more detailed statistics can be produced. When a lower level of geography is used, such as output areas (which have a minimum of 100 persons), the statistics produced have less detail. This is to protect the confidentiality of people and ensure that individuals or their characteristics cannot be identified.

Coverage

Census 2021 statistics are published for the whole of England and Wales. Data are also available in these geographic types:

  • country - for example, Wales
  • region - for example, London
  • local authority - for example, Cornwall
  • health area – for example, Clinical Commissioning Group
  • statistical area - for example, MSOA or LSOA

Occupancy rating for rooms (6 categories)

Whether a household's accommodation is overcrowded, ideally occupied or under-occupied. This is calculated by comparing the number of rooms the household requires to the number of available rooms.

The number of rooms the household requires uses a formula which states that:

  • one-person households require three rooms comprised of two common rooms and one bedroom

  • two-or-more person households require a minimum of two common rooms and a bedroom for each person inline with the Bedroom Standard

People who should have their own room according to the Bedroom Standard are:

  1. married or cohabiting couple

  2. single parent

  3. person aged 16 years and over

  4. pair of same-sex persons aged 10 to 15 years

  5. person aged 10 to 15 years paired with a person under 10 years of the same sex

  6. pair of children aged under 10 years, regardless of their sex

  7. person aged under 16 years who cannot share a bedroom with someone in 4, 5 or 6 above

An occupancy rating of:

  • -1 or less implies that a household’s accommodation has fewer rooms than required (overcrowded)

  • +1 or more implies that a household’s accommodation has more rooms than required (under-occupied)

  • 0 suggests that a household’s accommodation has an ideal number of rooms

The number of rooms is taken from Valuation Office Agency (VOA) administrative data for the first time in 2021. The number of rooms is recorded at the address level, whilst the 2011 Census recorded the number of rooms at the household level. This means that for households that live in a shared dwelling, the available number of rooms are counted for the whole dwelling in VOA, and not each individual household.

VOA’s definition of a room does not include bathrooms, toilets, halls or landings, kitchens, conservatories or utility rooms. All other rooms, for example, living rooms, studies, bedrooms, separate dining rooms and rooms that can only be used for storage are included. Please note that the 2011 Census question included kitchens, conservatories and utility rooms while excluding rooms that can only be used for storage. To adjust for the definitional difference, the number of rooms required is deducted from the actual number of rooms it has available, and then 1 is added.

Data and Resources

Additional Info

Field Value
Last Updated May 9, 2023, 09:25 (BST)
Created January 6, 2023, 15:43 (GMT)
Visibility Public
Year 2021
Topics Accommodation and housing
Units Households
Geographic Layer Census Electoral Divisions
Census Wards
Counties
Countries
Integrated Care Boards
Local Authorities
Local Health Boards
London Boroughs
Lower Super Output Areas
Lower Tier Local Authorities
Metropolitan Districts
Middle Super Output Areas
NHS England Regions
Non-Metropolitan Districts
Output Areas
Regions
Sub Integrated Care Board Locations
Unitary Authorities
Upper Tier Local Authorities
Westminster Parliamentary Constituencies
Frequency Decennial
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/census/aggregate-2021-1
Citation Office for National Statistics; National Records of Scotland; Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency; UK Data Service. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5257/census/aggregate-2021-1
Geographical Coverage Location England and Wales
Granularity Country level down to OA
Geographic Spatial data {"geo_type": "polygon", "lat": "52.4036", "lon": "-1.93872", "left": "-6.53687", "top": "55.8275", "right": "1.98853", "bottom": "49.6694", "srid": null, "accuracy": null, "source": null}